Waris Dirie, the celebrated Somali model and human rights activist, opens a window into the dark realities of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in her autobiography Desert Flower. As a young girl, she was subjected to this brutal practice, an experience marked by searing pain, excessive bleeding, and the haunting shadow of lifelong trauma. 

Her escape from her homeland wasn’t just a quest for freedom but also an act of defiance against a culture that dehumanized its women. 

Years later, Waris endured recurrent bouts of agonizing pain due to complications from FGM, necessitating a surgical intervention. Doctors revealed the cause: scar tissue that had hardened, causing chronic infections and obstructing natural functions, a grim reminder of the harrowing ritual she had endured.

The tragedy of Waris Dirie’s story is not isolated. Millions of women worldwide, especially in Africa, continue to suffer under the yoke of FGM. 

While it is often cloaked in cultural justification, the practice leaves devastating scars, both physical and emotional. 

Even more tragically, some men who demand to marry circumcised women later abandon them, claiming dissatisfaction, as the women are unable to experience or express sexual pleasure. This irony underscores the futility and injustice of the practice.

Types of FGM and the Most Common Practices

FGM is categorized into four main types:

• Type 1 (Clitoridectomy): Partial or total removal of the clitoris.
• Type 2 (Excision): Removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, often accompanied by the removal of the labia majora.
• Type 3 (Infibulation): Narrowing of the vaginal opening by creating a seal, formed by cutting and repositioning the labia.
• Type 4: Other harmful procedures to the female genitalia, including pricking, piercing, or scraping.

In Kenya, Type 1 and Type 2 are the most prevalent. These forms are often performed on girls between infancy and age 15, creating a cycle of pain and subjugation.

Life Implications of FGM

FGM has far-reaching consequences. Women face a plethora of challenges, including:

• Physical complications: Chronic pain, infections, and childbirth complications.
• Emotional trauma: Depression, anxiety, and PTSD.
• Social challenges: Isolation and stigmatization if they reject the practice.

Status of FGM in Kenya

Kenya has made significant strides in combating FGM, with rates declining over the years. However, the practice persists, particularly among specific communities like the Somali, Samburu, and Maasai. 

Advocacy groups and government initiatives have been at the forefront, but deeply rooted cultural beliefs continue to pose a challenge.

What Does the Law of Kenya Say About FGM?

Kenya's legal framework firmly opposes FGM:

The Female Genital Mutilation Act (2011): Outlaws FGM and prescribes severe penalties for perpetrators.

The Constitution of Kenya (2010): Guarantees freedom from inhumane treatment and harmful cultural practices.

The Marriage Act (2014): Declares marriages involving FGM victims invalid if consent was coerced.

The Female Genital Mutilation Board: A government body established to coordinate anti-FGM campaigns.

These laws underscore the country's commitment to eradicating FGM, but enforcement remains a challenge in remote areas.

Factors Linked to FGM

FGM is perpetuated by a combination of:

• Cultural beliefs: Seen as a rite of passage into womanhood.
• Religious misinterpretations: Some falsely attribute it to religious obligations.
• Social pressures: Communities often ostracize uncircumcised girls.
• Gender inequality: Rooted in the desire to control women's sexuality.

Consequences of FGM

The aftermath of FGM is harrowing:

• Medical complications: Severe bleeding, infections, and infertility.
• Psychological distress: Lifelong trauma and sexual dysfunction.
• Maternal health risks: Complications during childbirth leading to higher mortality rates.

How Can Survivors Seek Support in Kenya?

Survivors of FGM in Kenya have several avenues for help:

Medical support: Public and private health facilities offer reconstructive surgery and counseling.

Counseling services: NGOs like the Maendeleo Ya Wanawake and Amref Health Africa provide trauma support.

Legal aid: Organizations such as FIDA Kenya assist in seeking justice.

Community forums: Awareness programs empower survivors to speak out and educate others.

Conclusion

The story of Waris Dirie, and countless women like her, reflects the deep scars left by FGM. While Kenya has made commendable progress, the battle against this practice is far from over. Breaking the cycle requires a collective effort from individuals, communities, and governments. Survivors need our compassion and support, and society must challenge the oppressive norms that perpetuate such cruelty.

What are some of the absurd benefits you have heard from those who promote FGM?

Also Read

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The Silent Burden: Oppressive Rituals Women Endure in Kenya